Post-publication editorial action is intended to preserve the integrity and reliability of the scholarly record and to ensure that readers are appropriately informed when published content requires clarification, correction, or withdrawal.

Retraction is not intended primarily as a punishment for authors. Its principal purpose is to alert readers when published findings, data, conclusions, or other substantial parts of an article can no longer be considered reliable.

A correction may be issued when an error or omission affects part of a published article but does not invalidate the overall findings or conclusions of the work.

Corrections may be appropriate for issues such as:

• Errors in data presentation, calculations, tables, or figures;
• Incorrect or incomplete author or affiliation information;
• Errors in references, acknowledgements, or funding information;
• Minor inaccuracies that require clarification;
• Limited unattributed text where the integrity of the overall article remains intact; or
• Other errors that can be transparently corrected without retracting the article.

Where a correction is issued, it should clearly identify the affected article and explain the nature of the amendment.

An Expression of Concern may be published when there are substantial concerns about a published article but the available evidence is not yet sufficient to justify a correction or retraction.

An Expression of Concern may be considered when, for example:

• Evidence concerning possible research or publication misconduct remains inconclusive;
• An institutional or other formal investigation is ongoing;
• There is uncertainty regarding the reliability of important findings;
• Obtaining sufficient evidence to reach a final determination is likely to require substantial time; or
• The Editor considers that readers should be alerted while a significant integrity concern is being investigated.

An Expression of Concern does not constitute a final determination of misconduct and may later be followed by a correction, retraction, removal of the concern, or another appropriate editorial action.

Retraction may be considered where the Editor concludes that serious problems substantially undermine the reliability, validity, integrity, or ethical acceptability of the published article.

Circumstances that may warrant retraction include, but are not limited to:

• Clear evidence that findings or conclusions are unreliable because of major error, miscalculation, experimental error, data irregularities, fabrication, falsification, or inappropriate manipulation;
• Substantial plagiarism that materially affects the integrity of the publication;
• Redundant or duplicate publication without appropriate attribution, permission, disclosure, or scholarly justification;
• Use of data, images, material, or other intellectual property without appropriate authorization where the issue cannot be adequately resolved through correction;
• Serious copyright, privacy, confidentiality, legal, or ethical violations;
• Research conducted or reported in serious violation of applicable ethical requirements;
• Compromised or manipulated peer review that materially affects confidence in the validity of the published article;
• Serious authorship, identity, or publication-process misrepresentation;
• Undisclosed major conflicts of interest that materially affect the interpretation, evaluation, or conclusions of the work; or
• Other circumstances in which the Editor can no longer have reasonable confidence in the integrity or reliability of the published article.

Retraction will not automatically be used for every post-publication error or ethical concern.

Where the reliability of the overall article remains intact and the concern can be adequately addressed through a transparent correction or other editorial notice, SAGA may choose that proportionate response instead.

For example, a limited error, an isolated attribution problem, or a minor section requiring amendment may be more appropriately addressed through a correction rather than retraction of the entire article.

Concerns regarding published articles will be evaluated fairly, objectively, and with appropriate confidentiality.

Depending on the circumstances, the journal may:

• Request an explanation from the author(s);
• Request original data, figures, calculations, or supporting documentation;
• Review editorial and peer-review records;
• Seek additional independent expert advice;
• Request clarification regarding authorship, ethics approval, consent, or conflicts of interest;
• Contact an author's institution, research-integrity office, funder, or other responsible organization where appropriate; and
• Consult applicable COPE guidance or other recognized publication-integrity procedures.

Authors should normally be given an opportunity to respond to substantive concerns before a final editorial decision is made, unless exceptional circumstances make this inappropriate or impossible.

The final decision to issue a correction, Expression of Concern, retraction, or other post-publication notice rests with the responsible Editor, subject to the journal's editorial governance and applicable publication-integrity procedures.

The publisher, CV. Media Digital Publikasi Indonesia, may support investigations, documentation, technical implementation, and publication of notices, while respecting editorial independence.

Where the Editor responsible for the article has a conflict of interest, the matter should be handled by another appropriately independent editor or responsible editorial authority.

When an article is retracted, SAGA will seek to ensure that the status of the article is transparent to readers.

A retraction notice should, where applicable:

• Be clearly identified as a Retraction;
• Clearly identify the affected article, including its title and other appropriate bibliographic information;
• Be linked to the retracted article, and the article linked back to the retraction notice where technically possible;
• State the reason for the retraction in clear, objective, factual, and non-inflammatory language;
• Identify who is issuing or requesting the retraction where appropriate;
• Be published as promptly as reasonably possible after the editorial decision has been finalized; and
• Be freely accessible to readers.

A retracted article will normally remain part of the scholarly record but will be clearly identified as retracted and linked to the corresponding retraction notice.

Articles should not ordinarily be silently deleted or replaced merely because they have been retracted. Maintaining the published record helps preserve transparency regarding what was published and why editorial action was subsequently taken.

Removal of published content may be considered only in exceptional circumstances, such as serious legal requirements, privacy or confidentiality risks, or other situations where continued public availability would cause substantial harm or violate applicable law.

This policy specifically governs post-publication corrections, Expressions of Concern, and retractions.

Broader matters concerning plagiarism, authorship, conflicts of interest, research misconduct, ethical oversight, and publication integrity are addressed in SAGA's separate Publication Ethics and Plagiarism and Similarity Screening policies.