Apollo: Journal of Tourism and Business is committed to maintaining high standards of publication ethics, research integrity, transparency, and responsible scholarly communication.
All parties involved in the publication process—including authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher—are expected to adhere to recognized principles of ethical scholarly publishing. The journal's editorial practices are guided by the principles and recommendations of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).
Suspected cases of publication misconduct will be investigated fairly and confidentially. Where appropriate, the journal may apply relevant COPE guidance and flowcharts in determining appropriate editorial action.
Authors must submit original work. Text, ideas, data, figures, tables, or other material derived from other sources must be appropriately cited, quoted, or acknowledged. Plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, inappropriate manipulation of data, and misrepresentation of research findings are unacceptable.
Authors must not submit the same manuscript simultaneously to more than one journal. Manuscripts that have already been published substantially elsewhere are normally not eligible for consideration unless clearly identified and justified according to accepted scholarly publishing practices.
Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial scholarly contributions to the conception, design, execution, analysis, interpretation, or preparation of the research. All listed authors must approve the submitted manuscript and agree to its submission to the journal. Individuals who contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be acknowledged appropriately.
The author list and order of authors should be carefully determined before submission. Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors after submission must be accompanied by a clear justification and written agreement from all affected authors and are subject to editorial approval.
Authors are responsible for the accuracy and integrity of the data reported in their manuscripts. Editors or reviewers may request relevant underlying data, documentation, ethical approvals, or other supporting materials when necessary to evaluate the integrity or reproducibility of the research.
Authors must appropriately acknowledge publications and other sources that have influenced the research. Information obtained through private communication, confidential review activities, or other restricted sources must not be used without appropriate authorization.
If authors discover a significant error or inaccuracy in a submitted or published article, they must notify the journal promptly and cooperate with the editor in issuing a correction, retraction, or other appropriate update to the scholarly record.
Authors must disclose any financial, institutional, professional, personal, or other relationships that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research, interpretation of findings, or publication process.
Editors and reviewers must also disclose potential conflicts of interest and withdraw from handling or reviewing manuscripts where impartiality could reasonably be questioned.
If no competing interests exist, authors should explicitly state this in the manuscript.
Authors must disclose all sources of financial or material support related to the research and publication of the manuscript. Where applicable, the role of the funder in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation, manuscript preparation, and decision to submit should be stated.
If the research received no specific funding, authors should provide an appropriate statement indicating that no external funding was received.
Research involving human participants must comply with applicable institutional, national, and international ethical standards. Where required, authors must obtain approval from an appropriate research ethics committee or institutional review board and provide the relevant approval information in the manuscript.
Where human participants are involved, informed consent must be obtained when required. Authors must protect participant privacy, confidentiality, dignity, and personal information.
Research involving animals must comply with appropriate institutional and national animal welfare requirements. Authors should follow relevant reporting standards where applicable.
The journal may request documentation of ethical approval, informed consent, or other research permissions before or after publication where necessary.
Authors must obtain appropriate consent or permission before publishing identifiable personal information, images, case details, or confidential institutional information.
Editors and reviewers must treat submitted manuscripts and associated correspondence as confidential material. Unpublished information obtained through the editorial or peer-review process must not be used for personal advantage or disclosed without authorization.
Generative artificial intelligence and AI-assisted technologies cannot be listed as authors because they cannot assume responsibility for the accuracy, integrity, originality, or ethical conduct of scholarly work.
Authors who use AI-assisted tools for language improvement, editing, coding assistance, data processing, analysis, visualization, or other substantial research-related activities must disclose such use transparently where relevant.
Authors remain fully responsible for all content generated or modified using AI-assisted technologies, including factual accuracy, citations, data integrity, originality, copyright compliance, and the final conclusions of the manuscript.
AI tools must not be used to fabricate references, data, participants, results, images, or other research evidence.
Editors are responsible for evaluating manuscripts and making publication decisions based on academic merit, originality, relevance, methodological quality, ethical compliance, and suitability for the journal's scope without inappropriate influence from commercial, personal, institutional, or other interests.
Editors must evaluate manuscripts without discrimination based on nationality, ethnicity, gender, religion, political belief, institutional affiliation, geographic location, or other personal characteristics unrelated to scholarly merit.
Editors should select reviewers with relevant expertise and should seek to avoid reviewers with inappropriate conflicts of interest. Ordinarily, research manuscripts should be evaluated by at least two reviewers where peer review is required.
Editors must protect confidential information relating to submitted manuscripts, reviewers, authors, and editorial communications.
Editors must not handle manuscripts where they have a relationship or interest that could compromise impartiality. Manuscripts submitted by editors, editorial board members, or individuals closely associated with them must be handled independently according to the journal's standard editorial and peer-review procedures.
Editors must not require authors to add unnecessary citations for the purpose of increasing journal, editor, reviewer, or author citation metrics. Citation requests must be based solely on legitimate scholarly relevance.
The publisher supports editorial independence and recognizes that decisions regarding individual manuscripts are the responsibility of the journal's editors based on scholarly and ethical considerations.
The publisher supports the journal in maintaining the integrity of the scholarly record, preserving published content, implementing publication ethics policies, addressing allegations of misconduct, and publishing corrections, retractions, expressions of concern, or other notices where necessary.
Commercial considerations, advertising arrangements, sponsorship, or institutional relationships must not improperly influence editorial decisions.
Examples of misconduct include, but are not limited to:
When misconduct is suspected, the journal may request explanations, original data, ethical documentation, correspondence, or other relevant evidence. Where appropriate, the journal may contact authors' institutions, research integrity officers, funders, other journals, or relevant organizations as part of an investigation.
Apollo: Journal of Tourism and Business is committed to preserving the integrity of the scholarly record.
When a published article contains an error that does not invalidate its principal findings, the journal may publish a correction. When findings are unreliable because of major error, fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, unethical research, duplicate publication, or other serious problems, the journal may issue a retraction.
An expression of concern may be published when serious questions exist about the integrity of an article but sufficient evidence is not yet available to reach a final conclusion.
Corrections, retractions, and expressions of concern should be clearly linked to the affected article and remain part of the permanent scholarly record.
Authors may submit a reasoned appeal against an editorial decision when they believe a significant error occurred in the evaluation or decision-making process.
Complaints concerning editorial conduct, peer review, publication ethics, conflicts of interest, or other journal processes will be considered objectively and, where necessary, independently from the individuals involved in the original decision.
Appeals do not guarantee reconsideration or acceptance of a manuscript. The journal may decline repeated appeals that do not provide substantial new information.
Before submitting a manuscript, authors should ensure that:
