Apollo: Journal of Tourism and Business is committed to maintaining the accuracy, integrity, reliability, and completeness of the scholarly record. When concerns are identified in a published article, the journal will take appropriate editorial action according to the nature and severity of the issue.
Editorial actions may include the publication of a Correction, Expression of Concern, or Retraction.
The journal considers such cases in accordance with recognized principles of publication ethics and the COPE Retraction Guidelines .
A correction may be published when an error or omission is identified after publication but does not invalidate the principal findings or overall conclusions of the article.
Examples may include:
The correction notice should clearly identify the original article and explain the nature of the correction. Where appropriate, the published article may also be updated with a clear indication that a correction has been issued.
An Expression of Concern may be issued when substantial concerns have been raised regarding a published article but the available evidence is not yet sufficient to determine whether a correction or retraction is required.
This may occur when:
An Expression of Concern is intended to alert readers to potentially significant issues while an appropriate investigation or assessment is ongoing.
Retraction is considered when there is clear evidence that a published article contains serious problems that substantially undermine the reliability, validity, originality, or ethical acceptability of the work.
An article may be considered for retraction when, for example:
Retraction is intended primarily to correct the scholarly record and alert readers that the findings of an article should no longer be relied upon. It is not solely a mechanism for sanctioning authors.
Accordingly, an article may require retraction because of either research or publication misconduct or a significant honest error when the problem makes the principal findings or conclusions unreliable.
Concerns regarding a published article may be raised by authors, readers, reviewers, editors, institutions, publishers, or other parties.
When a credible concern is received, the journal will assess the available information and may request an explanation or supporting documentation from the author(s).
Depending on the nature of the case, the journal may:
Authors will normally be given an opportunity to respond to substantive concerns before a final editorial action is taken, except where immediate action is necessary to protect readers or the integrity of the scholarly record.
When an article is retracted, Apollo: Journal of Tourism and Business will publish a retraction notice that is clearly associated with the affected article.
The retraction notice should, where appropriate:
A retracted article will normally remain part of the published scholarly record rather than being deleted from the journal website.
The article and its landing page should be clearly identified as RETRACTED and linked to the corresponding retraction notice so that readers can readily understand its status.
The journal will seek to preserve the bibliographic record, article DOI, publication history, and retraction information to maintain transparency and the integrity of the scholarly record.
Complete removal of published content is expected to occur only in exceptional circumstances where continued public availability presents serious legal, privacy, safety, or other compelling concerns.
Where removal is necessary, the journal should preserve an appropriate bibliographic record or notice explaining that the content has been removed, except where legal or other overriding requirements prevent such disclosure.
Authors may inform the journal of errors or serious concerns discovered after publication. A request from an author does not automatically result in retraction or removal.
The editorial team will determine the appropriate action based on the nature and significance of the issue and its effect on the reliability and integrity of the published record.
Corrections, Expressions of Concern, and Retraction Notices should be published as clearly identifiable editorial notices and linked to the affected article whenever technically possible.
The journal will make reasonable efforts to ensure that the status of affected articles is clearly communicated through the journal website and relevant publication metadata.
The journal's handling of corrections, Expressions of Concern, and retractions is informed by recognized publication-ethics principles, including the COPE Retraction Guidelines .
Each case is assessed individually according to the available evidence, the seriousness of the issue, and the need to maintain an accurate and trustworthy scholarly record.
