SaNa: Journal of Blockchain, NFTs and Metaverse Technology is committed to maintaining the originality and integrity of the scholarly record. Authors are responsible for ensuring that submitted manuscripts appropriately acknowledge the words, ideas, data, methods, figures, and other intellectual contributions of others.
The journal uses similarity-detection software as an editorial screening tool. Similarity reports support editorial assessment but do not, by themselves, determine whether plagiarism has occurred.
Inappropriate use of another person's intellectual work without adequate acknowledgment.
Copying text, sentences, or substantial passages from another source without appropriate quotation, citation, or attribution.
Paraphrasing or summarizing another person's ideas, arguments, or findings without appropriately acknowledging the original source.
Presenting another person's original ideas, concepts, methods, or intellectual contributions as one's own.
Using data, results, or research findings produced by others without appropriate acknowledgment or authorization where required.
Reproducing or adapting figures, tables, images, diagrams, charts, or other protected materials without appropriate attribution and, where required, permission.
Reusing substantial portions of an author's own previously published material without appropriate citation, transparency, or justification.
Submitting material substantially created by another person while presenting it as the submitting author's own scholarly work.
Similarity detection assists editorial assessment of manuscript originality.
Submitted manuscripts may be screened using Turnitin and/or other similarity-detection tools as part of the journal's editorial assessment.
SaNa uses a similarity score of 20% as an internal screening threshold. This percentage is an editorial screening indicator and should not be interpreted as an automatic determination of plagiarism.
Similarity reports are evaluated in context. Legitimately quoted material, bibliographic references, commonly used terminology, methodological descriptions, properly attributed material, and other acceptable textual similarities may affect the numerical similarity score without constituting plagiarism.
Editorial judgment is based on the nature and context of identified similarities.
A manuscript exceeding the journal's internal similarity threshold is not automatically considered plagiarized. Likewise, a manuscript with a similarity score below the threshold may still contain unacceptable plagiarism.
Editors may examine the sources, extent, distribution, context, and attribution of matched material before determining whether revision, clarification, rejection, or further investigation is appropriate.
Authors may be asked to revise improperly attributed material, provide clarification, or supply relevant supporting information when concerns are identified.
Plagiarism concerns may affect the editorial consideration of a submitted manuscript.
When inappropriate textual reuse or plagiarism is identified before publication, the editorial response will depend on the nature, extent, and seriousness of the concern.
Editorial action may include requesting correction or revision, requesting an explanation from the authors, declining the manuscript, or initiating further assessment where a more serious integrity concern is suspected.
Published articles remain subject to scholarly and publication-integrity standards.
Credible allegations of plagiarism involving a published article may be assessed in accordance with the journal's Publication Ethics procedures.
If an investigation establishes that an update to the published scholarly record is required, the appropriate publication notice or action will be handled under the journal's Correction & Retraction Policy.
Other forms of research or publication misconduct are governed by dedicated journal policies.
Fabrication or falsification of research data, inappropriate authorship, undisclosed competing interests, manipulation of the publication process, and other forms of research or publication misconduct are not classified solely as plagiarism.
Such matters are addressed through the journal's Publication Ethics and other applicable editorial policies.
SaNa evaluates originality through both technological screening and editorial judgment. Similarity percentages are used as indicators, not as automatic evidence of plagiarism, and each concern is considered according to its scholarly context and severity.
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