Authors are responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and reliability of the work they submit. Research methods, data, results, and conclusions should be reported honestly and should not involve fabrication, falsification, deceptive manipulation, or intentional misrepresentation.

Submitted manuscripts must represent genuine scholarly work. Sources and contributions from previous research must be appropriately acknowledged, and information relevant to the interpretation or reproducibility of the research should not be intentionally concealed.

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial scholarly contributions to the work and who accept responsibility for the submitted manuscript. All listed authors should approve the manuscript and agree to its submission.

Contributors who do not meet the criteria for authorship should not be listed as authors but may be acknowledged where appropriate. Guest, gift, and ghost authorship are not acceptable.

Requests for changes to authorship after submission must be supported by a reasonable explanation and agreement from the affected contributors. The editorial team may request additional information before approving such changes.

Manuscripts submitted to SaNa must be original and must not be under consideration by another journal at the same time. Authors must appropriately cite and acknowledge previously published material relevant to their work.

Duplicate publication, redundant publication, inappropriate reuse of previously published material, and other forms of publication misconduct may result in editorial investigation.

Detailed definitions, screening procedures, and editorial handling of plagiarism are provided separately in the journal's Plagiarism Policy .

Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose financial, professional, personal, institutional, or other relationships that could reasonably be perceived as influencing their work, evaluation, or editorial judgment.

Disclosure of a competing interest does not necessarily prevent publication or participation in the editorial process. Relevant interests should be declared so that they can be evaluated and managed transparently.

Editors should not participate in decisions concerning manuscripts where their involvement could compromise, or reasonably appear to compromise, editorial independence. Appropriate independent editorial handling should be arranged in such cases.

Research involving human participants, animals, personal data, confidential information, or other ethically sensitive materials must comply with applicable laws, institutional requirements, and recognized ethical standards.

Where applicable, authors should obtain approval from an appropriate ethics committee or institutional review body and obtain informed consent from participants. Relevant ethical approval and consent information should be reported in the manuscript.

Authors are responsible for protecting participant privacy, confidentiality, dignity, and other applicable rights. The editorial team may request evidence of ethical approval, informed consent, or other relevant documentation when necessary.

Authors are responsible for maintaining appropriate records of the data, methods, computational procedures, and other research materials supporting their findings.

Where necessary for editorial assessment or investigation of a research-integrity concern, authors may be asked to provide relevant supporting information or data, subject to legitimate ethical, legal, privacy, confidentiality, or contractual restrictions.

Data availability information should be provided where appropriate to the nature of the research and applicable disciplinary standards.

Artificial intelligence systems and automated tools cannot be credited as authors because they cannot assume responsibility or accountability for scholarly work.

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, citations, and content of manuscripts prepared with the assistance of such technologies.

Requirements concerning disclosure and acceptable use are described in the journal's dedicated AI Ethics & Procedure policy.

Editorial decisions are made independently on the basis of scholarly quality, relevance to the journal's scope, validity of the work, and information arising from editorial and peer evaluation.

Decisions must not be influenced by commercial interests, personal relationships, institutional affiliation, nationality, ethnicity, gender, religious belief, political opinion, or other characteristics unrelated to the scholarly evaluation of the manuscript.

The publisher supports the editorial independence of the journal and should not interfere with individual editorial decisions for commercial or other inappropriate purposes.

Editors and reviewers must protect confidential information obtained through manuscript submission and editorial evaluation. Unpublished material, data, ideas, or other information obtained through the editorial process must not be used for personal, professional, or competitive advantage.

Operational details concerning reviewer anonymity and the journal's double-blind evaluation model are provided in the dedicated Peer Review Process rather than repeated within this policy.

The journal may investigate credible concerns involving fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, inappropriate authorship, undisclosed competing interests, manipulation of the publication process, unethical research practices, or other conduct that may compromise the integrity of the scholarly record.

Where concerns arise, the journal will seek relevant information, provide affected parties with an appropriate opportunity to respond, and consider the available evidence before determining editorial action.

Where appropriate, the journal may seek guidance from COPE resources or communicate with relevant institutions, publishers, editors, or other responsible bodies when this is necessary to investigate or resolve a serious integrity concern.

Authors and other parties may raise concerns regarding editorial procedures, ethical matters, or publication decisions. Complaints and appeals should identify the relevant manuscript or published article and clearly explain the basis of the concern.

Appeals should be based on substantive scholarly, procedural, or ethical grounds rather than disagreement with an editorial decision alone. Where appropriate, a matter may be assessed by an editor who was not directly involved in the original decision.

Authors, editors, and the publisher share responsibility for responding appropriately when significant errors or credible integrity concerns are identified after publication.

Depending on the nature and severity of an issue, appropriate action may be required to maintain the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.

The procedures and publication notices used for such cases are described separately in the journal's Correction & Retraction Policy.