01. Title

The title should accurately and concisely identify the main subject of the manuscript. It should be specific, informative, unambiguous, and understandable without unnecessary or uncommon abbreviations. The title should contain no more than 20 words.

02. Author Names and Affiliations

List the full names of all authors without academic, professional, or occupational titles such as Prof., Dr., or Manager. Authors should provide their institutional affiliation, including institution name, city, and country. One author must be identified as the corresponding author with an active email address. The journal permits one corresponding author for each submission.

03. Abstract

The abstract should be clear, concise, informative, and understandable independently from the main text. It should briefly describe the research problem or background, objective, methodology, principal results, and conclusion or significance of the findings. References or citations should not be included in the abstract.

04. Keywords

Provide a maximum of 5 keywords that accurately represent the principal subjects of the manuscript. Keywords should be separated by semicolons and should facilitate effective discovery and indexing of the article.

05. Introduction

The Introduction should establish the context and background of the study, identify the research problem, explain its relevance, and demonstrate the research gap addressed by the manuscript. Relevant and appropriately balanced literature should be cited. The section should conclude with a clear statement of the research objective, purpose, or research question.

06. Method

The Method section should provide sufficient information to understand how the study was conducted and, where applicable, enable replication or reproducibility. Relevant information may include research design, participants or data sources, instruments, materials, data collection procedures, analytical methods, computational procedures, and statistical techniques. Subheadings may be used where appropriate.

07. Results and Discussion

Results should present the study findings clearly and logically. Tables and figures should be used when they improve interpretation of the results. Authors should avoid unnecessarily repeating the same information in the text, tables, and figures.

Discussion should interpret the findings, explain their significance, relate them to relevant previous research, address important implications and limitations, and demonstrate how the study contributes to knowledge or practice in its field.

Tables must be numbered consecutively and cited in the main text. The table number and title should appear above the table. Avoid unnecessary vertical lines and use a clear, consistent table format.

Figures must be numbered consecutively and cited in the manuscript. Figure captions should appear below the corresponding figure. Figures must be clear, legible, and of sufficient quality for publication. Both colour and grayscale figures are permitted.

Equations should be editable rather than inserted as images. Number equations consecutively using parentheses, with equation numbers aligned consistently.

SI or metric units are preferred. Abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols should be defined at their first occurrence unless they are universally recognised.

08. Conclusion

The Conclusion should summarise the principal findings and their contribution without merely repeating the Results section. Where relevant, authors may identify practical implications, limitations, and directions for future research.

09. Author Contributions

Authors should provide a contribution statement that accurately identifies each author's contribution to the work. The journal recommends the CRediT Contributor Roles Taxonomy, including roles such as Conceptualization, Methodology, Software, Validation, Formal Analysis, Investigation, Resources, Data Curation, Writing – Original Draft, Writing – Review & Editing, Visualization, Supervision, Project Administration, and Funding Acquisition, as applicable.

10. Funding

Authors must identify all sources of financial support relevant to the research and/or preparation of the manuscript, including grant numbers where applicable. If the research received no specific funding, authors should provide an appropriate statement indicating that no external funding was received.

11. Declaration of Conflicting Interests

Authors must disclose financial, professional, personal, institutional, or other relationships that could reasonably be perceived as influencing the research or its interpretation. If no competing interests exist, authors should state: “The authors declare no conflict of interest.”

12. Data Availability

Authors should include a Data Availability Statement explaining whether and how the data supporting the findings can be accessed. Where relevant, provide repository links, persistent identifiers, or reasonable access instructions. Restrictions arising from privacy, confidentiality, ethical approval, contractual obligations, or legal requirements should be clearly explained.

13. Declaration on the Use of AI and Automated Tools

Authors must disclose the use of generative artificial intelligence or AI-assisted technologies in the research or preparation of the manuscript when such use extends beyond routine spelling, grammar, formatting, or basic language correction.

The declaration should identify the tool and describe, where relevant, how it was used. Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, citations, analyses, and conclusions of the submitted work. AI systems and automated tools cannot qualify as authors.

Detailed requirements are provided in the AI Ethics and Procedure .

14. Acknowledgment (Optional)

Authors may acknowledge individuals, institutions, organisations, technical assistance, or other non-author contributions that supported the work. Funding information should be reported primarily in the Funding statement rather than duplicated here.

15. References

References must follow IEEE Style. Authors should cite sources that are directly relevant to the research and should verify bibliographic information against the original publications, including author names, article title, journal title, year, volume, issue, pages, and DOI where available.

The reference list should contain at least 10 references. Authors are encouraged to rely primarily on relevant peer-reviewed scholarly literature and recent primary research where appropriate to the subject. Excessive self-citation, irrelevant citation, citation stacking, or unnecessary concentration of references from a single journal, author, institution, or geographic region should be avoided.

Reference management software such as Mendeley, EndNote, or Zotero is strongly recommended to improve citation accuracy and consistency.