SAGA: Journal of Technology and Information System

The Transformation of Privacy in the Algorithmic Age: A Legal, Technical, and Social Analysis in Light of the KVKK and the GDPR

Ayşe Güngör — 2026-04-03

The rapid expansion of big data, Internet of Things (IoT) systems, and artificial intelligence (AI) has transformed the conditions under which privacy and personal data protection operate. In the algorithmic age, privacy is increasingly challenged not only as an individual right but also as a structural condition of socio-technical systems. This article examines whether privacy is merely adapting to technological change or undergoing a deeper paradigmatic transformation. Focusing on Türkiye’s Personal Data Protection Law (KVKK No. 6698) in comparison with the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), the study investigates the changing legal and operational foundations of personal data protection, particularly the declining centrality of explicit consent and the growing role of broader governance mechanisms. Methodologically, the article adopts a qualitative multi-method design combining comparative legal analysis, doctrinal examination, and a socio-technical case study of six smart city applications in Türkiye. The findings reveal a gap between formal regulatory alignment and substantively effective protection, especially in smart city systems characterized by ambient data collection, system interoperability, and limited user contestability. The study concludes that privacy is being restructured from an individual consent-based model toward a more systemic governance condition. Accordingly, sustainable privacy protection requires integrated legal, technical, and societal governance mechanisms.

Implementation of a Geographic Information System in Website Design to Visualize Routes and Distances

Yudhistira Pradana — 2026-04-11

This journal research was conducted with the primary objective of developing a system capable of visualizing the route and distance from SMK Raden Umar Said Kudus to various boarding houses located within Kudus Regency. The increasing number of students enrolling in the school, including those from outside the region, has created a growing need for accessible information regarding temporary accommodation near the school. Therefore, the proposed system is designed to assist students in identifying suitable boarding houses by providing geographic visualization of their locations and distances from the school. To achieve this objective, the system utilizes the Leaflet library as the main mapping tool to visualize geographic information in an interactive web based environment. Leaflet enables the display of maps, routes, and distance calculations in a user friendly format, making it easier for users to understand spatial relationships between the school and nearby boarding houses. The system itself is developed using PHP as the primary programming language. In addition, JavaScript is integrated with the Leaflet library to handle map interactions and geographic data visualization. The Waterfall development model was chosen as the system development methodology due to its clear and sequential. Through this approach, the research aims to produce a functional Geographic Information System that helps students efficiently locate temporary housing during their study period at SMK Raden Umar Said Kudus while also providing useful information for boarding house owners.