Demeter: Journal of Farming and Agriculture

Application of Trichoderma Biopesticide on Chili Plants (Capsicum frutescens L.) Catas Variety

Azarine Sade Devitasari, S Sutarman — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the effect of the interaction between the application of Trichoderma solid formula biopesticide applied to the soil and through canopy spraying on the growth and health of vegetative phase cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens) plants. This study was conducted from September to December 2024 in Pacet, Pasinan Hamlet, Cepokolimo Village, at an altitude of 450 meters above sea level. This field study was designed as a factorial Randomized Block Design. The first factor was the application of solid biofertilizer (soil treatment), which consisted of three levels: no biofertilizer application but using complete chemical fertilizer; soil treatment at planting or starting from sowing; and soil treatment one month after planting. The second factor was the application of liquid Trichoderma biofertilizer. The observation variables were length increase (cm), leaf number increase, average time of first flowering (days), branch increase, and plant health. The interaction effect of biopesticide application through soil treatment had a significant effect on plant health with a disease symptom intensity of 9.38% compared to the control of 16.67%. The interaction effect on plant growth was not significant.

Optimizing Romaine Lettuce Plant Yield and Growth by Providing Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Rabbit Urine

Ilham Tri Saputra, Andriani Eko Prihatiningrum — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the effect of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) made from rabbit urine as a source of N, P, and K nutrients and the interval of POC administration on the growth and yield of romaine lettuce plants. The study was conducted in the experimental field of Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo, Modong Village, Tulangan District, using a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 9 treatments and 3 replications (27 experimental units). The first factor was the concentration of rabbit urine POC (20 ml/L, 40 ml/L, and 60 ml/L), and the second factor was the administration interval (once every 2, 4, and 6 days). The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, root length, wet weight, and dry weight. The results showed that the 60 ml/L treatment with an interval of once every 4 days (K312) gave the best results in the number of leaves, wet weight, and dry weight. However, plant height and root length showed no significant results in the treatment interaction.

The Effect of Potassium Fertilizer and Super-flora Foliar Fertilizer on the Growth of Chili Peppers (Capsicum frutescens L.)

Muhammad Haekal Zaqladi, M. Abror — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to determine the effect of potassium fertilizer and Super-Flora foliar fertilizer on the growth of chili pepper plants (Capsicum frutescens L.). The study was conducted using a randomized block design (RBD) with two treatment factors, namely potassium fertilizer dosage (100 kg/ha, 150 kg/ha, and 200 kg/ha) and Super-Flora foliar fertilizer dosage (10 ml/l, 15 ml/l, and 20 ml/l). The parameters observed included plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area at various plant ages. The results showed that the application of 200 kg/ha of potassium fertilizer and 20 ml/l of Super-Flora foliar fertilizer produced the best growth with an increase in plant height, number of leaves, and leaf area compared to other doses. Although the 5% BNJ test results did not show significant differences in all parameters, the data trends indicated that the combination of high-dose potassium fertilizer and high-dose foliar fertilizer supported more optimal vegetative growth. In conclusion, the combination of potassium fertilizer and Super-Flora foliar fertilizer can be an effective fertilization strategy to enhance chili pepper growth, but the doses used must be adjusted to the plants' needs for greater efficiency.

Application of Trichoderma Biofertilizer on Sweet Potato Plants (Ipomoea Batatas L.)

Izzat Khadafi Haikal, S Sutarman — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of Trichoderma esperellum biological agent applied through soil treatment and foliar spray, as well as the possibility of their interaction on the vegetative growth of sweet potato plants. The density of fungal spores in the propagule suspension ready to be sprayed onto the canopy surface was the same as that contained in the solid form for fertilization application, namely 105 CFU.mL-1. The experiment was arranged factorially in a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with four replicates. The variables observed were plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and harvest weight per 1.5 m2 plot area. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance followed by a 5% BNJ test. The results showed that the application of Trichoderma biofertilizer as soil fertilization had a significant effect on plant growth and harvest weight, while application through canopy spraying had no significant effect. The interaction effect was only significant for plant height. Fertilizer application at planting time yielded the highest results at the end of the observation period, namely 34.0 cm, 114 shoots, 10.05 cm, and 2,686.6 g for plant height, number of leaves, stem diameter, and harvest weight, respectively.

Effectiveness of Concentration of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Rabbit Urine and Dosage of Rabbit Manure on the Growth and Yield of Red Lettuce (Lactuca Striva L.)

Bayu Adam Awali, M. Abror — Thu, 30 Jul 2026 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of various concentrations of liquid organic fertilizer (POC) from rabbit urine and doses of rabbit manure on the growth and yield of red lettuce (Lactuca striva L.). The research was conducted in February–March 2024 in Tebel Barat Village, Gedangan District, Sidoarjo Regency. The research design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two treatment factors. The first factor was the concentration of rabbit urine POC, which consisted of three levels, namely 20 ml/l water, 40 ml/l water, and 60 ml/l water. The second factor was the dose of rabbit manure fertilizer with three levels, namely 1.5 tons/ha, 3 tons/ha, and 4.5 tons/ha. Each treatment combination was repeated three times, resulting in 27 experimental plots. Data analysis was performed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by BNJ test. The variables observed included the number of leaves, plant height, root length, wet weight, dry weight, and harvest index. The results showed an interaction between treatments, with the best results obtained from the combination of 60 ml/l rabbit urine POC and 3 tons/ha manure for the variables of number of leaves, fresh weight, and dry weight. For the plant height variable, the highest results were obtained from the rabbit urine POC treatment at 60 ml/l water, while the manure fertilizer dose treatment showed no significant difference. As for the root length and harvest index variables, the treatments did not show any significant differences.