Demeter: Journal of Farming and Agriculture

Testing Extracts of Pigpea Seeds (Tephrosia vogelii) Against Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in the Laboratory

2025-07-27T09:02:47+00:00

One of the invasive pests that target corn plants is the armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda. This pest can cause damage to every area of the corn plant. Botanical insecticides can be used to control S. frugiperda since it is better for the environment. Rotenone found in the T. vogelii is toxic to insects. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of the botanical pesticide T. vogelii seed extract mortality of S. frugiperda. T. vogelii seed extract was produced by using a Soxhlet extractor. The tests were conducted using contact poison and stomach poison methods, with the concentrations of the extract solution tested being 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25, and 0.5%. T. vogelii seed extract demonstrated the highest mortality value against S. frugiperda, which is 100% at a concentration of 0.5% in both the contact poison and stomach poison methods. T. vogelii seed extract shows strong toxicity with LC50 = 0.221% and the shortest mortality at 0.5% concentration with LT50 = 2.214 days against S. frugiperda, with an LC50 of 0.316% and the fastest mortality at 0.5% concentration, with an LT50 of 2.457 days. Further research is needed to determine the effect of T. vogelii seed extracts both in the screen house and in the field

Input Substitution analysis of Paddy Rice Farming in Different Land Area Strata in Bengkulu Province

2025-10-29T06:45:31+00:00

The objectives of this study are 1) Analyze what production factors affect rice production in different strata of land area in Bengkulu Province. 2) Analyze the level of input substitution in paddy rice farming at different strata of land area in Bengkulu Province. The location determination method uses Three stages cluster sampling and the Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling sampling method, the sample number of 175 rice farmers. The data analysis method used is the cobb-douglass and MRTS production functions. 1) The results of the analysis show that only the land area factor (ha) has a real effect on production in all strata of land area. Meanwhile, in strata III and the combination of factors the use of female labor has a real effect on production, and on the combined land area the use of KCL fertilizer has a real effect on production. 2) Only the combination of male labor to female labor in Strata I is fully substituted with a substitution elasticity (ES) value greater than 1 (≥ 1) while in combination the use of fertilizer inputs is only partially substituted. Meanwhile, in strata II, III, and combined, both the combination of fertilizer inputs and male and female labor are only partially substituted.

Working Hours for Women Labourers and the factors Afffecting: A Study on Rice Farming in Pondok Kubang District, Central Bengkulu Regency

2025-10-29T06:45:51+00:00

The involvement of women as rice farm labourers in Pondok Kubang District causes their working time to be divided into productive, domestic, social, and leisure activities, which are measured in hours per week. This study aims to analyse the working time of female rice farm labourers and the factors that influence it, including age, education, number of dependents, previous season's income, head of household income, and work experience of farm labourers. The study was conducted in December 2024 using a census technique on 102 respondents who worked on other people's rice fields. The analysis methods used include analysis of working time and multiple linear regression. The study's results showed that the average working time of female farm labourers in productive activities was 46.03 hours per week, for domestic activities 39.97 hours per week, for social activities 4.94 hours per week, and for leisure time 9.06 hours per week. Simultaneously, all independent variables have a significant effect. Partially, the variables of age, previous season's income, head of household income, and work experience have a significant effect, while education and number of dependents have no effect.

Effect of Different Types and Concentrations of Emulsifiers on the Physicochemical and Organoleptic Quality of Steamed Brownies Based on Cowpea Flour (Vigna unguiculata L.)

2025-10-29T06:46:04+00:00

In order to reduce imports, diversify non-gluten products especially for celiac and autism sufferers, it is necessary to replace wheat flour, especially in making steamed brownies, including with cowpea flour. However, cowpea does not contain gluten which makes the cake elastic and soft, so it is necessary to add emulsifiers to maintain its elasticity. This study aims to determine the effect of different types and concentrations of emulsifiers on the physicochemical and organoleptic quality of brownies based on white cowpea flour and determine which composition is the best. The method used in this study is a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, namely the formulation of emulsifier types (J1 = SP and J2 = ovalet) and concentrations (K1 = 1% and K2 = 2%), each of which was repeated three times. The research variables observed were the analysis of the physical quality of brownies on their rising power, chemical analysis including water content, crude fiber and protein content, while the organoleptic quality analysis included tenderness, aroma, taste and color. The results showed that different types and concentrations of emulsifiers had a significant effect on water content, swelling power and tenderness. While the parameters of protein content, crude fiber, taste, color and aroma did not have a significant difference. The results showed that the best formulation was in the J2K2 treatment (Ovalet emulsifier with a concentration of 2%) with an average swelling power value of 39.42%, water content of 7.47%, crude fiber content of 3.97%, protein content of 1.21%, with an average value of organoleptic parameters of taste of 5.6 (like), aroma of 6.1 (like), tenderness of 5.53 (rather like) and color of 6.6 (very like).